{"id":1741,"date":"2019-09-29T09:26:27","date_gmt":"2019-09-29T03:56:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/?p=1741"},"modified":"2019-09-29T11:37:41","modified_gmt":"2019-09-29T06:07:41","slug":"generating-verb-conjugations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/2019\/09\/29\/generating-verb-conjugations\/","title":{"rendered":"Generating Verb Conjugations"},"content":{"rendered":"

We have been taught in school that English language has different \u201ctense\u201d<\/strong><\/em> forms. To help you quickly recollect, I am listing them in the table below (the verb ‘sleep’<\/strong><\/em> is used as example):<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

No.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Tense Form<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Example Sentence (3rd<\/sup> Person Singular Pronoun)<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

1<\/td>\nSimple Present<\/td>\nShe sleeps<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nSimple Past<\/td>\nShe slept<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nSimple Future<\/td>\nShe will sleep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nPresent Continuous<\/td>\nShe is sleeping<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\nPast Continuous<\/td>\nShe was sleeping<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\nFuture Continuous<\/td>\nShe will be sleeping<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nPresent Perfect<\/td>\nShe has slept<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\nPast Perfect<\/td>\nShe had slept<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\nFuture Perfect<\/td>\nShe will have slept<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\nPresent Perfect Continuous<\/td>\nShe has been sleeping<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nPast Perfect Continuous<\/td>\nShe had been sleeping<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nFuture Perfect Continuous<\/td>\nShe will have been sleeping<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\nConditional Simple<\/td>\nShe would sleep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\nConditional Perfect<\/td>\nShe would have slept<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\nConditional Continuous<\/td>\nShe would be sleeping<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\nConditional Perfect Continuous<\/td>\nShe would have been sleeping<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The above table gives examples for the verb \u201csleep\u201d<\/strong><\/em> as applied to \u201c3rd Person Singular\u201d<\/strong><\/em> pronoun.\u00a0When we \u201cconjugate\u201d<\/strong><\/em> a verb, we change its form so that it matches the required Tense<\/strong><\/em>, Person<\/strong><\/em> and Number<\/strong><\/em>. Take the verb \u201csleep\u201d<\/strong><\/em> used in the table above.<\/p>\n

Case 1:\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Tense = Present Continuous<\/p>\n

Person = First Person<\/p>\n

Number = Singular<\/p>\n

The conjugation of \u201csleep\u201d<\/strong><\/em> gives \u201cam sleeping\u201d<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

Case 2:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Tense = Present Continuous<\/p>\n

Person = First Person<\/p>\n

Number = Plural<\/p>\n

The conjugation of \u201csleep\u201d<\/strong><\/em> gives \u201care sleeping\u201d<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

Case 3:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Tense = Present Continuous<\/p>\n

Person = Second Person<\/p>\n

Number = Singular\/Plural<\/p>\n

The conjugation of \u201csleep\u201d<\/strong><\/em> gives \u201care sleeping\u201d<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

Case 4:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Tense = Present Continuous<\/p>\n

Person = Third Person<\/p>\n

Number = Singular<\/p>\n

The conjugation of \u201csleep\u201d<\/strong><\/em> gives \u201cis sleeping\u201d<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

Case 5:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Tense = Present Continuous<\/p>\n

Person = Third Person<\/p>\n

Number = Plural<\/p>\n

The conjugation of \u201csleep\u201d<\/strong><\/em> gives \u201care sleeping\u201d<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

I hope you get the idea. For more details, go through a good book on English grammar.<\/p>\n

One of the interesting features I have built into my \u201ciLexicon\u201d<\/strong><\/em> system is the automatic generation of verb forms depending on the <Verb, Tense, Person, Number ><\/strong><\/em> quadruple. In today\u2019s article, I would like to show examples of this functionality.<\/p>\n

Have a look at the following session:<\/p>\n

\"Conjugation<\/a>
Conjugation Example<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Here \u201cp1\u201d<\/strong>, \u201cp2\u201d<\/strong> and \u201cp3\u201d<\/strong> stand for 1st<\/sup> Person, 2nd<\/sup> Person<\/strong> and 3rd<\/sup> Person<\/strong> respectively. The term\u00a0\u201cc1\u201d<\/strong> denotes\u00a0\u201csingular\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0number. The last argument of the predicate will be bound to the conjugated (generated) form of the verb.<\/p>\n

It will be convenient if we can generate the conjugated forms of a verb for all the 16 tenses listed in the earlier table. Here is the code fragment (written in Sicstus Prolog<\/strong><\/em>) that does this:<\/p>\n

\"Prolog<\/a>
Prolog Code Fragment<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Let us apply this to:<\/p>\n

Verb = sleep<\/span><\/p>\n

Person = 3rd<\/sup> Person<\/span><\/p>\n

Number = Singular<\/span><\/p>\n

Tense = All the 16 tenses<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Here is what we get:<\/p>\n

\"Full<\/a>
Full Conjugation – Example1<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

For our next example, let us consider:<\/p>\n

Verb = eat<\/span><\/p>\n

Person = 3rd<\/sup> Person<\/span><\/p>\n

Number = Plural<\/span><\/p>\n

Tense = All the 16 tenses<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Here is the corresponding output:<\/p>\n

\"Full<\/a>
Full Conjugation – Example2<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

For the third and final example,<\/p>\n

Verb = sing<\/span><\/p>\n

Person = 1st Person<\/span><\/p>\n

Number = Singular<\/span><\/p>\n

Tense = All the 16 tenses<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

And here is the output generated by the system:<\/p>\n

\"Full<\/a>
Full Conjugation – Example3<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

As you can see, \u201ciLexicon\u201d<\/strong><\/em> is capable of conjugating verbs correctly. This is really important when we are interested in generating complete sentences, and that is one of the larger goals of this project.<\/p>\n

Watch this space for many more interesting aspects of \u201ciLexicon\u201d<\/strong><\/em>. And have a nice weekend!<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

We have been taught in school that English language has different \u201ctense\u201d forms. To help you quickly recollect, I am listing them in the table below (the verb ‘sleep’ is used as example): No. Tense Form Example Sentence (3rd Person Singular Pronoun) 1 Simple Present She sleeps 2 Simple Past She slept 3 Simple Future […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[107,17,147],"tags":[130,151,215],"class_list":["post-1741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-natural-language-processing","category-programming","category-prolog","tag-ilexicon","tag-sicstus-prolog","tag-verb-conjugation"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9OLnF-s5","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1757,"url":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/2019\/10\/13\/conjugating-phrasal-verbs\/","url_meta":{"origin":1741,"position":0},"title":"Conjugating Phrasal Verbs","author":"admin","date":"October 13, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"In the last article, I showed how to generate verb conjugations in the \"iLexicon\" system. Today, let us see how this idea can be extended to English \"phrasal verbs\". According to Wikipedia: \"a phrasal verb is a phrase such as turn down or ran into which combines two or three\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Natural Language Processing"","block_context":{"text":"Natural Language Processing","link":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/category\/natural-language-processing\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Conjugation of \"Turn on\"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rangakrish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Example3.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1881,"url":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/2020\/02\/02\/verb-conjugations-in-passive-voice\/","url_meta":{"origin":1741,"position":1},"title":"Verb Conjugations in Passive Voice","author":"admin","date":"February 2, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"In my earlier article, I showed how the iLexicon system can generate verb conjugations based on quadruple. For the 16 tense forms discussed in that article, the verb conjugations were generated in \u201cactive\u201d voice.\u00a0 We all know that \u201ctransitive\" verbs can be expressed in both \u201cactive\u201d\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Natural Language Processing"","block_context":{"text":"Natural Language Processing","link":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/category\/natural-language-processing\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Passive Voice Conjugations - \"Drink\"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rangakrish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/passive-voice3.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2415,"url":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/2021\/05\/23\/the-structure-of-wh-questions\/","url_meta":{"origin":1741,"position":2},"title":"The Structure of WH-Questions","author":"admin","date":"May 23, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"WH-Questions are questions that begin with the following words: - Who (\u201cWho came here yesterday?\u201d) - What (\u201cWhat is the goal of this project?\u201d) - When (\u201cWhen can I visit my parents?\u201d) - Where (\u201cWhere did he go?\u201d) - Why (\u201cWhy is everyone running away?\u201d) - Which (\u201cWhich is the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Natural Language Processing"","block_context":{"text":"Natural Language Processing","link":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/category\/natural-language-processing\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"WH-Questions Structure","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rangakrish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/WH-structure-300x238.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1727,"url":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/2019\/09\/15\/exploring-word-patterns\/","url_meta":{"origin":1741,"position":3},"title":"Exploring Word Patterns","author":"admin","date":"September 15, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Working with word patterns can be an exciting (and challenging) creative activity. Such patterns come into picture while playing word games, solving word puzzles or even writing poetry. It is precisely to facilitate such tasks that I am building my \"iLexicon\" system.\u00a0 One popular word game goes like this: The\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Natural Language Processing"","block_context":{"text":"Natural Language Processing","link":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/category\/natural-language-processing\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Prolog Predicates for Word Pair Generation","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rangakrish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Code.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rangakrish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Code.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rangakrish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Code.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":541,"url":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/2017\/06\/04\/definite-clause-grammars-in-lisp-part-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":1741,"position":4},"title":"Definite Clause Grammars in Lisp – Part 2","author":"admin","date":"June 4, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"In the last post, I showed how we can implement DCGs in LispWorks using the KnowledgeWorks package. The grammar discussed in that post did not take into account subject\/predicate number agreement. This is one of the basic constraints in English grammar. Today I will show how easy it is to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "LISP"","block_context":{"text":"LISP","link":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/category\/lisp\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Prolog Grammar","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rangakrish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Prolog-Grammar.png?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":534,"url":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/2017\/05\/22\/definite-clause-grammars-dcg-in-lisp\/","url_meta":{"origin":1741,"position":5},"title":"Definite Clause Grammars (DCG) in Lisp","author":"admin","date":"May 22, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Definite Clause Grammars (DCG) are an elegant formalism for specifying context free grammars, and part of their popularity is due to their support in the Prolog language. Most books on Natural Language processing usually include a brief coverage of DCGs, even though Natural languages are not context-free. Because of the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "LISP"","block_context":{"text":"LISP","link":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/category\/lisp\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"DCG Grammar","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rangakrish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/DCG-Grammar.png?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rangakrish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/DCG-Grammar.png?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rangakrish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/DCG-Grammar.png?resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1741","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1741"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1741\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1741"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1741"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1741"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}