{"id":1757,"date":"2019-10-13T08:56:47","date_gmt":"2019-10-13T03:26:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/?p=1757"},"modified":"2019-10-13T09:05:19","modified_gmt":"2019-10-13T03:35:19","slug":"conjugating-phrasal-verbs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/2019\/10\/13\/conjugating-phrasal-verbs\/","title":{"rendered":"Conjugating Phrasal Verbs"},"content":{"rendered":"

In the last article<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, I showed how to generate verb conjugations in the “iLexicon”<\/strong><\/em> system. Today, let us see how this idea can be extended to English “phrasal verbs”<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

According to Wikipedia<\/strong><\/em><\/a>:<\/p>\n

“a phrasal verb is a phrase such as turn down<\/strong> <\/em>or ran into<\/strong><\/em> which combines two or three words from different grammatical categories: a verb<\/strong><\/em> and a particle<\/strong><\/em> and\/or a preposition<\/strong><\/em> together form a single semantic unit.”<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

I found this article<\/strong><\/em><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>quite informative.<\/p>\n

Phrasal verbs add richness to the prose, and are therefore widely used. However, to use them correctly, we should understand where the corresponding “object”<\/strong><\/em> should appear in the sentence. Some phrasal verbs allow the object to appear between the main verb and the rest of the phrase, whereas others require the object to be placed after the phrasal verb. We will see some examples below.<\/p>\n

“iLexicon”<\/strong><\/em> contains information about a few hundred phrasal verbs (this number is growing). Just as we can supply <Person, Number, Tense><\/strong><\/em> to a single “verb”<\/strong><\/em> to get its conjugation, we can supply the same parameters to a “phrasal verb”<\/strong><\/em> in “iLexicon”<\/strong><\/em> and get its fully conjugated form. Note that since some phrasal verbs are “separable”<\/strong><\/em>, we will get multiple conjugations for the same parameters, depending on the positioning of the object.<\/p>\n

Let us look at some examples. Instead of showing the Prolog REPL<\/strong><\/em>, this time I decided to build a simple Windows Forms<\/strong><\/em> application in C#<\/strong><\/em> using Visual Studio 2019<\/strong><\/em>. This app dynamically loads the Sicstus Prolog DLL<\/strong><\/em> and makes calls to the appropriate functions (to learn how to build Sicstus Prolog DLL<\/strong><\/em> on Windows, please see this article<\/strong><\/em><\/a>).<\/p>\n

Here is the first example:<\/p>\n

\"Conjugating<\/a>
Conjugating Phrasal Verb<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

This simple app allows us to select a phrasal verb from the list that \u201ciLexicon\u201d<\/strong><\/em> contains in its KB. We can also specify one of the 16 tenses supported (see the earlier article<\/strong><\/em><\/a>\u00a0for the list of tenses). The object\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>required to complete the usage of the phrasal verb can be entered in the \u201cObject\u201d<\/strong><\/em> edit field. For simplicity, I am assuming a fixed subject<\/strong><\/em> called \u201cMary\u201d<\/strong><\/em> (3rd<\/sup> Person Singular). When we click \u201cApply\u201d,<\/strong><\/em> the system generates the correct instantiations<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0of the selected phrasal verb based on the supplied parameters and displays that information in the text area at the bottom.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

This first example shows the phrasal verb \u201cbreak into\u201d<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

The second example, given below, is about the phrasal verb \u201cpay off\u201d<\/strong><\/em>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Conjugating<\/a>
Conjugating “Pay Off”<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

As this example shows, this phrasal verb is separable<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0and hence we get two ways in which we can use it.<\/p>\n

And here is our third and final example:<\/p>\n

\"Conjugation<\/a>
Conjugation of “Turn on”<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

This is also quite similar to \u201cPay off\u201d<\/strong><\/em> in that it is separable.<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The challenge in automatically conjugating such phrasal verbs is in identifying the main verb<\/strong><\/em> and knowing whether it is separable<\/strong><\/em> or not. iLexicon\u2019s<\/strong><\/em> knowledgebase contains detailed information about many common phrasal verbs, thus enabling automatic conjugation based on <Person, Number, Tense><\/strong><\/em> triple.<\/p>\n

I mentioned earlier that the Prolog<\/strong><\/em> engine is invoked by my Windows Forms<\/strong><\/em> app through a DLL<\/strong><\/em>. The actual Prolog<\/strong><\/em> predicate that does the job of conjugating a phrasal verb is shown below:<\/p>\n

\"Prolog<\/a>
Prolog Predicate<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The above is just one of the many predicates exposed via the DLL<\/strong><\/em>. Of course, I had to solve some interesting parameter passing challenges between the C++ DLL<\/strong><\/em> and the C#<\/strong><\/em> application. But that is the fun of being a software developer!<\/p>\n

That is it for today. Have a great weekend!<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In the last article, I showed how to generate verb conjugations in the “iLexicon” system. Today, let us see how this idea can be extended to English “phrasal verbs”. According to Wikipedia: “a phrasal verb is a phrase such as turn down or ran into which combines two or three words from different grammatical categories: […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[107,17,147],"tags":[217,130,216,148],"class_list":["post-1757","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-natural-language-processing","category-programming","category-prolog","tag-conjugation","tag-ilexicon","tag-phrasal-verbs","tag-prolog"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9OLnF-sl","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1881,"url":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/2020\/02\/02\/verb-conjugations-in-passive-voice\/","url_meta":{"origin":1757,"position":0},"title":"Verb Conjugations in Passive Voice","author":"admin","date":"February 2, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"In my earlier article, I showed how the iLexicon system can generate verb conjugations based on quadruple. For the 16 tense forms discussed in that article, the verb conjugations were generated in \u201cactive\u201d voice.\u00a0 We all know that \u201ctransitive\" verbs can be expressed in both \u201cactive\u201d\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Natural Language Processing"","block_context":{"text":"Natural Language Processing","link":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/category\/natural-language-processing\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Passive Voice Conjugations - \"Drink\"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rangakrish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/passive-voice3.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1741,"url":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/2019\/09\/29\/generating-verb-conjugations\/","url_meta":{"origin":1757,"position":1},"title":"Generating Verb Conjugations","author":"admin","date":"September 29, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"We have been taught in school that English language has different \u201ctense\u201d forms. To help you quickly recollect, I am listing them in the table below (the verb 'sleep' is used as example): No. Tense Form Example Sentence (3rd Person Singular Pronoun) 1 Simple Present She sleeps 2 Simple Past\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Natural Language Processing"","block_context":{"text":"Natural Language Processing","link":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/category\/natural-language-processing\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Full Conjugation - Example3","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rangakrish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/example3.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1727,"url":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/2019\/09\/15\/exploring-word-patterns\/","url_meta":{"origin":1757,"position":2},"title":"Exploring Word Patterns","author":"admin","date":"September 15, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Working with word patterns can be an exciting (and challenging) creative activity. Such patterns come into picture while playing word games, solving word puzzles or even writing poetry. It is precisely to facilitate such tasks that I am building my \"iLexicon\" system.\u00a0 One popular word game goes like this: The\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Natural Language Processing"","block_context":{"text":"Natural Language Processing","link":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/category\/natural-language-processing\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Prolog Predicates for Word Pair Generation","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rangakrish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Code.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rangakrish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Code.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rangakrish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Code.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2415,"url":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/2021\/05\/23\/the-structure-of-wh-questions\/","url_meta":{"origin":1757,"position":3},"title":"The Structure of WH-Questions","author":"admin","date":"May 23, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"WH-Questions are questions that begin with the following words: - Who (\u201cWho came here yesterday?\u201d) - What (\u201cWhat is the goal of this project?\u201d) - When (\u201cWhen can I visit my parents?\u201d) - Where (\u201cWhere did he go?\u201d) - Why (\u201cWhy is everyone running away?\u201d) - Which (\u201cWhich is the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Natural Language Processing"","block_context":{"text":"Natural Language Processing","link":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/category\/natural-language-processing\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"WH-Questions Structure","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rangakrish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/WH-structure-300x238.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1889,"url":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/2020\/02\/16\/automatically-converting-active-voice-to-passive-voice-and-vice-versa\/","url_meta":{"origin":1757,"position":4},"title":"Automatically Converting Active Voice to Passive Voice and Vice Versa","author":"admin","date":"February 16, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"The iLexicon system can handle active\/passive voice conversion of fairly complex English sentences. I gave examples of the underlying verb conjugation mechanism in this article\u00a0and this one. Today, I am going to give examples of the conversion of complete sentences. Here is an example of active to passive voice conversion:\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Natural Language Processing"","block_context":{"text":"Natural Language Processing","link":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/category\/natural-language-processing\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"The Core Conversion Logic","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rangakrish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Code.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rangakrish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Code.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rangakrish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Code.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rangakrish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Code.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1410,"url":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/2019\/01\/27\/generating-poetry-using-ilanggen\/","url_meta":{"origin":1757,"position":5},"title":"Generating Poetry Using iLangGen","author":"admin","date":"January 27, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"In an earlier article, I wrote about using iLangGen to generate natural language text. iLangGen is a powerful text generation library that I have been working on over the years. Today, I would like to show how we can use that library to generate \"poetry\". Be warned, however, that the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "LISP"","block_context":{"text":"LISP","link":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/category\/lisp\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Sample Output 2","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.rangakrish.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Output2.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1757","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1757"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1757\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1757"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1757"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rangakrish.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1757"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}